One of the most amazing phenomena of Catholicism in recent decades is the growing proliferation of Catholic groups in open resistance to the spirit of reconciliation that took over the Church since 1962. This does not mean that before 1962 there were no modernist in the church or anything, but the teaching of popes and councils were strongly hear the voice of Christ and not permit that this would be distorted. But unfortunately, the Trojan horse of modernism infiltrated the City of God after the death of Pope St. Pius X in 1914. The year 1958 came to the papal throne, Pope John XXIII. From it, all the Popes attenuated or directly disfigured the doctrine of Christ to make it more pleasing to the ears of the modern world. Now the Church was reconciled with liberalism, and quieted his criticism of communism. And to reconcile with the Protestant reformed the Mass and Sacraments, and Catholic doctrine on them was attenuated and in some cases, silenced and distorted.
Against this revolution within the Church led by Rome, began a resistance on several fronts are not always compatible.
We will not mention the groups who elected their own pope, because they are not serious attempts simply schismatic character. We will mention the groups that seem well-founded:
The sedevacantist
This position states that the Roman See is currently vacant. Therefore the conciliar popes are intruders as heretics are to be deposed. But the criticism that we can make is that the only one who can enact formal heresy of an individual Catholic is his superior. And in the case of the Pope, his superior is Jesus Christ, as the Pope is the Vicar of Christ and head of the Church. Unfortunately it has not happened to the miraculous intervention of Jesus Christ, and by some mysterious divine plan has enabled the Church authorities to continue their devastating work.
sedevacantists One group is the oldest and most intelligent that gathers around Einsicht German magazine, founded by Eberhard Heller in 1971. In 1981 they convinced Archbishop Ngo-Dinh-Thuc (1897-1984) to consecrate bishops and priests as well to save the apostolic succession. And in 1982 Archbishop Thuc issued a statement noting that ended "That is why, in my capacity as bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, I judge that the headquarters of the Catholic Church in Rome is vacant and it is my duty as bishop do everything possible so that the Roman Catholic Church persists in light of the eternal salvation of souls. " Another group
very well organized with many of the faithful is the Priestly Union of Mexico Trento, who heads Bishop Martín Dávila, consecrated bishop in 1999 by Bishop Mark Pivarunas (Bishop Thuc lineage). Finally
mention the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen United States, directed Pivarunas by Mark Bishop, consecrated bishop in 1991 by Bishop Moses Carmona (consecrated bishop by Archbishop Thuc in 1981).
a controversial and sharp that you can not fail to mention is the leading intellectual Disandro Argentine Carlos (1918-1994), which was characterized by reporting, without mincing words, both the Church and to reconcile the Lefebvrists baroque traditionalism . His battle is around the Platonic Christianity of the Greek Fathers.
A curious fact is that Rama Coomaraswamy, son of the celebrated disciple of Guénon, Ananda Coomaraswamy is a faithful follower of sedevacantism and was ordained a priest.
2) The thesis
Cassiciacum
This position states that the pope, since 1965, and is not divinely assisted, and therefore is no longer secure their teaching. But it has not been deposed as physically occupies the Apostolic Throne. We have a Pope, but he has no authority possessed by previous Popes, we can resist it by the mouth of Christ himself and not speak.
The first theorist of this position was Monsignor Michel Guerard des Lauriers (1898-1988) of the Order of Preachers. This priest was the one who wrote the famous Brief Critical Review of the Novus Ordo Missae (1969), which was the first systematic critique of the new mass. After the French magazine Cahiers de Cassiciacum wrote his thesis that we discussed in the previous paragraph. In 1981 he was consecrated bishop by Archbishop Thuc.
Currently one of the most active groups who defend this position is the Mater Boni Consilii Institute founded in 1985 by a group of Italian priests expelled from the Society of Saint Pius X. They have a magazine called Sodalitium intelligent and combative.
Another significant and closely linked to above is Catholic Restoration. It originated from a group of U.S. priests expelled in 1983, the Society of Saint Pius X. In 1993 he was consecrated bishop by Bishop Daniel Dolan Monsignor Mark Pivarunas.
Lefebvrians
This position indicates that the conciliar popes are fully Papas but are contaminated by the liberal heresy, so the Church is in a state of necessity, so that bishops and priests have jurisdiction extra resistance provided by the Church and not by Pope. Have even dared to form tribunals to judge the nullity of marriages. This has been strongly questioned by several priests and faithful Catholics who have been that the power to judge corresponds to a right intrinsically linked to the Sovereign Pontiff. Against an unjust sentence of the papal court applies only the resistance but not the creation of parallel courts have no papal mandate.
The place of honor in this far-reaching resistance undoubtedly corresponds to two Catholic bishops French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre Bishop (1905-1991) and the Brazilian bishop Monsignor Antonio de Castro Mayer (1904-1991). Well into the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) opposed strong resistance to modernism triumphant. In 1970, Archbishop Lefebvre founded the Society of St. Pius X in Switzerland, and in 1976 was suspended divinis by Pope Paul VI. Finally is excommunicated in 1988 together with Mayer Monsignor by Pope John Paul II for consecrating four bishops without permission. To understand the vision of Archbishop Lefebvre would like to quote two paragraphs of his famous Declaration 1974:
adhere wholeheartedly, with all our soul to Catholic Rome, Guardian of the Catholic faith and traditions necessary for the maintenance of that Faith, to eternal Rome, mistress of wisdom and truth.
However, we refuse, as always, we have refused to follow the Rome of neo-modernist and neoprotestante trend, which is clearly stated in the Second Vatican Council and, after the Council, all the reforms which it arose.
The SSPX is spread over all continents, but is particularly strong in France, Switzerland, Germany, USA and Argentina. It has four bishops and about four priests, as well as religious to help them in their daily tasks.
There is also the Priestly Fraternity San Juan María Vianney is in Brazil and was founded by Bishop Mayer. In addition there are Benedictine monasteries in Brazil, the United States and France, a Dominican convent in France, and a Capuchin monastery in France. The Dominicans publish the best magazine theological Lefebre, Le Sel de la Terre. Ecclesia Dei
This position was founded in 1988, then after the episcopal consecrations made by Archbishop Lefebvre, Pope John Paul II wrote the Apostolic Letter Ecclesia Dei saying that Archbishop Lefebvre and the bishops consecrated by him had committed a schismatic act and therefore had been excommunicated, but opened a door to hope, stating that "To all those Catholic faithful who feel attached to some previous liturgical and disciplinary forms of the Latin tradition I wish to express my desire ... to facilitate their return to the ecclesial communion through the necessary steps to ensure respect for their legitimate aspirations. "
Several communities have used to qualify for these privileges granted by the Holy See. We will mention only the most relevant.
Undoubtedly the most important is the Fraternity Priestly San Pedro, founded in 1988 after a group of priests of the SSPX was removed after the episcopal consecrations. They are well established in the United States, France and Germany.
Other prominent communities are the Benedictine Abbey of Ste Madeleine at Le Barroux (France) and the Society of St. Vincent Ferrer dominica (France).
There are organized groups of lay people who seek the services of the Ecclesia Dei priests.
Among others are the International Federation Una Voce, founded in the sixties to preserve and promote awareness of the traditional Roman liturgy and Gregorian chant, are particularly active in the United States and Western Europe. Its current president is Michael Davies, an intellectual who has excelled in very lucid writing books in which he defends the traditional Roman liturgy.
Another group that stands out is the Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property (TFP), founded in 1960 in Brazil, for the outstanding Brazilian intellectual Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira (1908-1995). Catholic inspired associations are dedicated to combating the revolutionary process that attacks the Christian civilization, are particularly strong in Brazil, USA, France and Italy. This group suffered a serious allegation made by the Brazilian Professor Orlando Fedeli, who in 1983 said they found within the organization an esoteric cult to the founder and his mother. It appears that these allegations had solid evidence.
Finally we have to mention Montfort Cultural Association of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Founded in 1983 by former members of the TFP. Its founder and chairman is Professor Orlando Fedeli said and noted for his pure and passionate defense of the Catholic faith, regardless of the misunderstandings and bad times. In 1997 decided to break all ties with Lefebvrists groups, due to the establishment of parallel courts to the Pope to adjudicate in cases of nullity of marriage.
List of Catholic resistance
Chile Chile can be detected in three groups without much contact together:
First are the Lefebvrists who have a priory and a church in Santiago, a chapel and a school in Viña del Mar, and a chapel in Temuco. In total they have four priests, none of Chile.
Second is the group Magnificat, a lay group, led by Julio Retamal, responsible for organizing a traditional Mass once a month in the chapel of the faculty of architecture at Catholic University. This Mass is performed by Father Milan Tisma, a diocesan priest of Santiago, and is authorized by the archbishop.
Third Oratorio is a commune located in Macul (Santiago), which is under the care of Father Rafael Colombia Navas. Belonged to the Lefebvrists, but the problem of the courts created by the SSPX, pushed him to resign in 1999.
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